Rise & Design in Marshall's Mill

Author Steve Buxton Licence CC BY-SA 4.0 Deed  Source Wikimedia Commons

 

Jane Lambert

"Rise & Design" refers to Design Network North's free monthly networking meetings that take place on the second Friday of every month.  Design Network North is a project delivered by RTC North.  According to its website RTC North is "one of Europe’s leading technology transfer companies with a trusted reputation for delivering services in innovation and business growth." Its head office is in Sunderland and it has branches in Leeds and Daresbury.

I was introduced to Design Network North when it held a Rise & Design meeting at the 3M Buckley Innovation Centre in Huddersfield on 20 Jan 2017.   I wrote about the event in Rise & Design in Huddersfield on 21 Jan 2017.  Most of its other meetings have taken place in  Gateshead or other venues in North East England which is a long way to travel for a morning networking event,  

However, during lockdown, Terry McStea Head of Design at Design Network North held formal or informal online discussions for entrepreneurs, designers, makers and their professional advisors almost every week.  As I live on my own I was very grateful for those sessions because they helped me to keep in touch with the rest of humanity during that difficult period.  I discussed some of those events in Rise and Design Online: A Webinar for Designers in Northeast England on Designing our Way out of Lockdown 16 June 2020 IP North East, The Impact of EU Exit on the Health and Life Science Sectors 19 Nov 2020,  IP North East, Rise & Design: Wearable Tech Webinar 13 March 2021, IP North East and The Bright Side of Death 14 Oct 2021, IP North East.

On 23 Feb 2024, Design Network North held a Rise & Design in the Chapter Hall of the Northern Monk brewery in the Old Flax Store of Marshall's Mill on Marshall Street in Leeds.  The Chapter Hall is at the top of several flights of stairs of a building that does not have a lift,   As I am still nursing an injury that I sustained in a ballet workshop nearly 2 years ago I had to work hard and take my time to reach the meeting room.  Happily, ample supplies of hot drinks and sausage and bacon rolls rewarded our exertions.  I was one of the first to arrive and I made several new acquaintances over those refreshments before the meeting began.

Eventually, Terry called us to order and invited us to greet and exchange pleasantries with the person sitting next to us.  I met Sharon Sheard of Medola Comms on my table.   Terry then introduced Design Network North and the day's topic which was "The Power of Innovation".  He explained that innovation meant a new way of doing things which could include inventions but the concept was much wider than that.  Changing the way we communicate with customers, manage our staff or find new suppliers can also count.   Each of the speakers discussed a different aspect of the concept.

The first speaker was Fiona Conor, Managing Director of Trust Electric Heating Ltd. who had been on her feet when I arrived at the UK RI's Innovate Local event at Dean Clough Mills on 14 Nov 2023 (see Innovate Local Visits Halifax 29 Nov 2023). Mrs Conor's husband had invented a wall-mountable electric heater for which their company had sought a European patent.  Apparently, the initial design had been unpatentable but Mr Conor introduced some refinements which satisfied the examiners.  The speaker also told us that part of the development work had been undertaken by a university with Knowledge Transfer Exchange funding.   There was a short debate on the merits of collaboration between businesses and universities in Mrs Conor's Q&A in which I participated.

The second speaker was Darren Evans of the Engine Room whom I first met when the consultancy was based in the Huddersfield Media Centre.  Mr Evans is an engaging speaker whose abiding message was that one's brand is one's business and vice versa.    He discussed the case history of Paxman Coolers Ltd. which has developed a device to cool chemotherapy patients' scalps thereby preventing or reducing hair loss.  I remembered that that device had been featured at the Rise & Design meeting in Huddersfield just over 7 years ago.  I remarked in the Q&A that it had been impressive then and was even more interesting now.

The last speaker was Richard Hall of pd-m who is a product design consultant.   I have known him for many years and have chaired many meetings at which he has been the guest speaker and also shared platforms with him on more than one occasion.   He had been one of the speakers at the Rise & Design meeting in Huddersfield in 2017.  He always has something interesting to say and I think it was the opportunity to hear his presentation that attracted me to that Rise & Design meeting in Huddersfield.  Last Friday's event was the first time we had met since lockdown. pdM has grown over the years and has taken on new staff.  Most of its work is in the medical devices sector.   

After the talks, I gave a short pitch for the Initial Advice and Signposting service that I am relaunching from the Barnsley Business Village (see Relaunch of the Barnsley IP Clinic 16 Feb 2024) and promoting the IPEC Small Claims Track in Leeds (see Bringing or Defending a Small IP Claim in Leeds 8 Feb 2024). Incidentally, I have offered an Iittial Advice and Signposting service in the North East as well as Yorkshire since 2020 (see Initial Advice and Signposting in North East England 24 May 2020 IP North East)  and its has been possible to bring small IP claims in Newcastle upon Tyne as well as Leeds for several years (see Small Claims Track IP Litigation in Newcastle upon Tyne 19 July 2019 IP North Easr.

Both the Yorkshire and the North East England initial advice and signposting schemes operate on a triage basis.  If, for example, it appears that a client needs to see a patent attorney I will try to make a free 30-minute appointment with one which can take place by phone, Zoom or in the attorney's office.  One of the new connections that I made on Friday was with Greg Carty-Hornsby of Marks & Clerk.  He also gave a short presentation immediately after me and he has kindly agreed to give users of our initial advice and safeguarding service who need to meet a patent attorney up to 30 minutes of his time.

The last presenter was Ian Barber of IT consultancy Reach Aware Ltd which offers IT support and outsourcing.

Terry announced that the next Rise & Design meeting will take place in Newcastle.  There will be a video link for those who cannot attend in person.  He also promised a return to Huddersfield on 7 June 2024.

Anyone wishing to discuss this article may call me on 020 7404 5252 during normal business hours or send a message by my contact page. 

Relaunch of the Barnsley IP Clinic

Photo ChicXulub Licence CC BY-SA 4.0 Deed Source Wikimedia Commons

 

Jane Lambert

Until the pandemic, I held pro bono consultations on IP and tech law at the Barnsley Business Village on the second Tuesday of every month. I continued to offer those consultations over Zoom during lockdown and afterwards (see IP Clinics FAQs 8 March 2023 IP Yorkshire). Even though a consultation could take place at almost any time they were never as popular as the drop-in clinic. Barnsley Business Village is therefore restoring the one-to-one clinics at the Business Village with effect from 16:00 on Tuesday 12 March 2024.

The new clinics will differ slightly from the previous ones in two respects,   First, I have recruited patent and trade mark attorneys and other IP specialists to our clinic.  If, for example, you want to apply for a patent for your invention you need to talk to a patent attorney rather than a lawyer like me.  If you need a prototype I will introduce you to a product design consultant.   I have spent my career advising specialist solicitors and patent and trade mark attorneys on difficult points of law, drafting complex legal instruments for use in business as well as litigation and representing parties in court, IPO tribunals and negotiations.  I should be best placed to advise on strategy, licensing and dispute resolution. Secondly, we shall make more use of Zoom and other technologies so that we can address your issues promptly. rather than wait until the second Tuesday,

The first step is to contact us,   The best way is by completing the form below but you can also call the Business Village on  01226 249590 or me on 020 7404 5252 to make an appointment for initial advice and signposting   If I think someone else is better placed to help you than me I will put you in touch with them.  Whoever you see will give you up to 30 minutes of his or her time absolutely free. 

Fill out my online form.

Bringing or Defending a Small IP Claim in Leeds

Author Rich Tea Licence CC  BY-SA 2.0 DEED  Source Wikimedia Commons

 

Jane Lambert

Nearly 10 years ago I wrote How to Bring or Defend a Small Intellectual Property Claim in the Intellectual Property Enterprise Court in NIPC London. I wrote it with litigants in person in mind though I thought it would also be useful to lawyers who do not specialize in intellectual property and patent and trade mark attorneys who do not litigate regularly in the civil courts. It was intended to supplement A Guide to Bringing and Defending a Small Claim by the Civil Justice Council and A Guide to the Patents County Court Small Claims Track which has been replaced by the Guide to the Intellectual Property Enterprise Court Small Claims Track ("the Guide").

Much of that article remains true though there have been a number of developments since then.  The UK has left the European Union which means that IPEC is no longer a Community designs or EU trade mark court. Disputes over unregistered Community designs or EU trade marks that have arisen since 31 Dec 2020 are no longer within the IPEC Small Claims Track's jurisdiction.  The Leeds District Registry and the District Registries of several other major cities have been integrated with the courts in the Rolls Building in London to establish the Business and Property Courts (see my article Launch of a Judicial Super Highway? 12 July 2017 IP Northwest).  As a consequence of that integration it has been possible to bring certain types of small intellectual property claims in Leeds for most of the last 5 years (see Jane Lambert Small Claims Track IP Litigation in Leeds 10 July 2019).  According to Annex A of the Guide small IP claims in Leeds come before District Judge Prest KC.  Since 3 July 2023 most small IP claims litigation has been conducted in the North because Manchester Civil Justice Centre is now the new home of the IPEC Small Claims Track (see Jane Lambert IPEC Small Claims to be managed in Manchester 9 June 2023 IP Northwest).

The sections of How to Bring or Defend a Small Intellectual Property Claim in the Intellectual Property Enterprise Court that continue to apply are those headed "Do you need a Lawyer?" and "Have you got a Case?"  In addition to the pro bono services listed in section 6 of the Guide, I would add IP Pro Bono which is now part of Lawworks, Advocate which was formerly known as "Bar Pro Bono" and my own "Initial Advice and Signposting" clinic which I run in conjunction with Barnsley Business Village.  

It is still necessary for claimants to write a "letter before claim" unless there are very good reasons not to do so but the practice direction referred to in the section headed "Pre-Action Correspondence" has been revoked and replaced with the Practice Direction - Pre-Action Conduct and Protocols (see my article What to do about the new Practice Direction - Pre-Action Conduct 6 May 2015 NIPC Law).  Guidance on the steps to be taken by parties to intellectual property disputes is no to be found in para 6 of the Practice Direction.

The first paragraph of the section headed "Starting the Claim" has to be modified since the Manchester Civil Justice Centre and not the Rolls Building is now the home of the IPEC Small Claims Track and a small IP claim can now be issued out of the Business and Property Courts in Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, Liverpool, Manchester and Newcastle as well as Leeds.   If you want a case study of an IP case in one of those other cities, see Small Claims Track IP Litigation in Bristol 24 Feb 2022 NIPC Severn-Hafren.

I would repeat everything else I said in my previous article.  Anyone who wishes to discuss this topic should call me during normal business hours on 020 7404 5252 or send me a message through my contact form.

Innovate Local visits Halifax

Dean Clough Mills

Author Charlesdrakew  Source Wikimedia Cinnions

 

Jane Lambert

United Kingdom Research and Innovation ("UKRI") was established by s,91 (1) of the Higher Education and Research Act 2017. It consists of 9 bodies one of which is Innovate UK. Innovate UK is the national innovation agency.  It helps businesses grow through the development and commercialisation of new products, processes, and services,

Innovate Local promotes UKRI and Innovate UK to the regions. On 14 Nov 2023, it held an event for West Yorkshire businesses at Dean Clough Mills in Halifax,  The day began with introductions from UKRI and Innovate UK executives, Tracy Brabin, the Mayor of West Yorkshire, and other local authority leaders.  It was followed by success stories from business owners.

A buffet lunch was served between 12:00 and 13:00 which offered a chance to visit the stands of local universities and agencies.  The University of Huddersfield stand was staffed by Prof. John Allport who teaches Turbocharger Engineering in the Department of Engineering and Technology.  Prof Allport and I had an interesting discussion on why relatively few women make careers in engineering.  In his view, too many girls (but not boys) are encouraged to believe at an early age that maths and science are not really for them.  Other countries do not seem to have that problem to anything like the same extent.   That accorded with my experience.  It may have a lot to do with very early specialization in England and Wales.

After lunch there was a choice of breakout sessions between 13:00 and 14:00:

• "Inclusive Innovation - by and for everyone"
• "Healthcare Innovation: funding and cluster opportunities" and 
• "Supporting your Business Innovation Journey."

I chose "Healthcare Innovation! in the hope of hearing about such initiatives as Bradford University's Institute of Pharmaceutical innovation. There was plenty of information about the biomedical catalyst and support for SMEs in the healthcare technology sector.  There was an interesting case history from one of those companies.  There was some discussion about medical devices but nothing on pharma as such. However, I did learn that the West Yorkshore Combined Authority had an interest in health tech.  Through exploring its web pages on health tech I discovered a five year Healthtech Strategy for the region.

Between 14:00 and 15:00 the choice lay between:

• "West Yorkshire Manufacturing Cluster"
• "Women in Digital Innovation Network" and 
• "Financing your Business Innovation Journey."

I attended the financing session and found it was the most interesting of the day.   There was a panel of angels and venture capitalists chaired by Basit Mohammed, Knowledge Transfer Manager ‑ Regional Investments Innovate UK KTN.  There was one entrepreneur who had actually started a business and it was interesting to see the tangible support that was actually available.   As most of the seats had been taken by the time I arrived I found myself an excellent heckling position at the back of the room.  I asked about valuation of start-ups when their only assets were a patent application at best.  I was looking to the private equity investors and I did not really get a clear answer about any of that.   I also asked the VCs about flotations on the Alternative Investment Market  for successful scale-ups.   I got the impression that it was still early days.

This is trhe second Innovate Local event that I have attended,   I was at a similar event in Bradford last year (see Innovate Local West Yorkshire 22 Oct 2022).   It is very important for intellectual property lawyers - particularly barristers - to attend events like these. It enables us to keep tabs on what is happening to businesses that may require legal advice and representation.   Anyone who wants to discuss this article may call me on 020 7404 5252 during UK office hours or send me a message through my contact form.

World IP Day and Start-up Leeds

Author Lad 2011 Licence CC BY-SA 4.0 Source Wikimedia Commons

Leeds Central Library

 

Jane Lambert

In Where to Learn about IP for Free which I posted to NIPC Inventors Club on 10 April 2023 I discussed the Intellectual Property Office's Online Training Tools and how to access them and the nationwide network of Business and Intellectual Property Centres ("BIPC").  My nearest Business and IP Centre is at Leeds Central Library in Calverly Street.  I know it very well because I helped Ged Doonan and Stef Stephenson to set up the Leeds Inventors Club and I chaired almost every one of its meetings before the library became part of the BIPC network.

I have just received notice from the Leeds BIPC of two events that I particularly commend:

• Intellectual Property: Innovation and Creativity at the Central Library between 10:30 and 12:00 on 26 April 2023 to celebrate World Intellectual Property Day; and 
• Start-up Leeds on 12 and 13 May 2023 at Deacon House, 1 Seacroft Avenue, Leeds LS14 6JD.
  

For those who are not already aware of it 

"World Intellectual Property Day is an international festival of creativity and innovation which takes place on or around 26 April of every year. It celebrates the entry into force of the international agreement that established the World Intellectual Property Organization ("WIPO"), the UN specialist agency that assists governments to protect investment in creativity, enterprise and innovation ("intellectual assets") through a bundle of laws known collectively as "intellectual property".

You can find more information about the day on the World IP Day page of NIPC Wales. The event at Calverley Street will be a celebration of inspirational women inventors, creators, and entrepreneurs. The Business and IP Team will give a short talk about "fantastic inventions created by women that changed the world and made an impact on everyday life".  According to the Eventbrite card "an opportunity to meet and network with fellow entrepreneurs and discuss the challenges and the advantages of women in business."

Sadly, I won't be at the Leeds event because I shall be on my way to Anglesey to chair the Menai Science Park's World IP Day Seminar as part of Wales's celebrations of World IP Day. That event starts at 12:30 which is half an hour after the event in Leeds is due to finish and it will take place online as well as in front of a live audience at the science park.  Everybody who attends the Calverley Street event - indeed everybody in Yorkshire - is cordially invited to attend the Welsh event online and they will learn a lot if they do.  In keeping with the themes of the event, two young women entrepreneurs, Anna Roberts who set up Explorage.com and Anna Burke who set up Animates Technologies will talk about their businesses and how they use IP. The discussion is likely to focus on trade marks, database rights, trade secrets, copyright and maybe even patents.  Chipping in with expert advice will be patent and attorney Louise Carr from Cameron IP.  In the audience, there will be other experts such as Ian Wishart of Sybaris Legal and IP Insurance and I will cover anything that others may miss such as enforcement and transactions.  To attend the Welsh event via Zoom click here.

In Invention-Con 2022: The US Patent and Trademark Office's Online Conference for Inventors, Makers and Entrepreneurs I wrote on 22 July 2022 in NIPC Inventors Club:

"There is a great need for practical advice on patent, design and trade mark prosecution, grant, equity and loan funding, setting up businesses and scaling up which Invention-Con appears to deliver."

Start-up Leeds seems to go part of the way towards meeting that need.  I could not find an Eventbrite  card or any details on Leeds BIPC's website for this year's workshop but the following events took place last year according to the card for last year:

"Friday 14th April (9.30 - 16.30)

• Building the foundations of a successful business
• Business planning using the Business Model Canvas
• How to price your products and services
• How to forecast your cashflow

You’ll also find out more about the free support on offer through the Business & IP Centre, including the exclusive resources available for new and existing businesses

...........

Saturday 15th April (10.00 - 15.30)

• An Introduction to Marketing
• Tax and bookkeeping
• An overview of copyright and trade marks

There’ll also be the opportunity for networking, a chance to find out more about the Business & IP Centre and ask your questions."

Although I would have expected a little bit more about IP such as how it should be integrated into a business plan, enforcement, insurance and at least an introduction to patents and trade secrecy anybody attending this course would get a good grounding.

Anyone wishing to discuss this matter further can call me on 020 7404 5252 during office hours or send me a message through my contact page, 

IP Clinic FAQs

 

Jane Lambert

I am delighted to resume my intellectual property clinics at the Barnsley Business Village.  

Until the pandemic, I used to hold in-person consultations at the Business Village between 16:00 and 18:00 on the second Tuesday of every month.  During the pandemic, I transferred these online which enabled me to talk to clients at any mutually convenient time.   That was entirely satisfactory in most instances but there were a few cases when it would have been helpful to have met the client in person.  

I  can now do that under arrangements that I have just agreed with the management of the Business Village (see  Virtual IP Clinic with Jane Lambert – IP Barrister on the Business Village's website).   As it is over 3 years since I last held a clinic in Barnsley I thought it would be useful to remind those who could benefit from the service with these Frequently Asked Questions.

1. What exactly is an IP Clinic?

An IP clinic is a free consultation with an expert in intellectual property law,   Such an expert may be a patent or trade mark attorney or a solicitor or barrister specializing in IP.  Members of those professions have different training and do different jobs but we all have similarly detailed knowledge of IP law.  

Consultations with me are very much like telephone or Zoom conferences or conferences in chambers except that they are free and limited to approximately 30 minutes.    That is usually long enough to dispose of most enquiries but if not I will refer the clients to other professionals (who may also offer a free 30-minute consultation) or other sources of information.

2.  What sort of Questions are you asked?

 

All sorts.

I think the most common is when an entrepreneur is thinking of starting a new business and needs to know the sort of steps he or she should take to protect the business from copycats and avoid disputes with established businesses.   I advise on confidentiality agreements, trade mark registration, copyright in trade literature, and if there is a new product, options on patenting and design registration   I  warn against disclosing trade and business secrets, copying other businesses' Ts and Cs and photos and identify other professionals who can assist further.  

Another very common question is about who owns IP resulting from collaboration with others such as product design consultants, universities or just friends and family.  I can usually point to template agreements such as the Lambert Toolkit which offer workable solutions.

Often I am asked to help when an application for a trade mark, registered design or patent has gone wrong.   That typically occurs when a business owner or inventor has decided not to instruct a patent or trade mark attorney.   Usually, it is possible to save the application but sometimes the best advice is to consult an attorney and start again. 

Occasionally, a client comes to me with a court order or letter before action and several ring binders of evidence and asks what can be done about it.   I can usually advise on immediate steps to prevent the situation from getting worse and suggest a way forward for resolving the dispute in the medium term.

3.   Do I have to live in Barnsley to consult you?

No!  You can consult me by phone or Zoom from literally anywhere in the world but if you want a face-to-face meeting you have to come to me.  I practise primarily from 4-5 Gray's Inn Square in London but you can also make an appointment to see me at the Barnsley Business Village, Huddersfield Media Centre or the Menai Science Park in North Wales.

4.    Can I make multiple clinic appointments in the same matter?

No!   If you need multiple appointments you are probably in long-term litigation or negotiations in which case you need to instruct solicitors and counsel in the usual way.   I can help you find such representation and point you to specialist insurers and litigation funders.

5.   How can I consult you?

You can make an appointment by calling 020 7404 5252 and asking for David Penson or whoever may be looking after his work while he is away from his phone. Tell David that you want a 30-minute pro bono appointment with me in the IP Clinic.  He will do the rest.    Alternatively, send me a message through my contact form.   If you want a face-to-face meeting in Barnsley then fill out my initial advice and signposting form. 

Whichever way you come I look forward to meeting you.

Innovate Local West Yorkshire

Jane Lambert

The second West Yorkshire Innovation Festival has been taking place this week.  It is a celebration of the ingenuity and enterprise of the millions who live or work in that metropolitan county.  Here is a programme of the events that have been taking place during this Festival.

I spent yesterday at Innovate Local West Yorkshire which took place at the Great Victoria Hotel in Bradford.  InnovateUK is the national innovation agency. It supports business-led innovation in all sectors and technologies.  The event, which was staged in collaboration with the West Yorkshire Combined Authority and the West Yorkshire Innovation Network, consisted of an all-day conference of local political and business leaders and academics and an exhibition.

The conference was divided into a plenary session in the morning and parallel workshops in the afternoon.  There were breaks for morning coffee, lunch and afternoon tea.   After a welcome from the leader of Bradford City Council, the Chief Executive of Innovate UK and the Mayor of West Yorkshire there was a panel discussion on what is meant by innovation and related topics. That was generally platitudinous but I welcomed Kamran Rashid's call to think regionally rather than globally.  I also noted Mark Roberts's assertion that Yorkshire had the fastest-growing digital sector outside London.

 After coffee, we heard from various entrepreneurs and academics.   I was particularly impressed with Saille Villegas who had come to Leeds from Mexico to study computing and stayed to set up the medical technology company SEEAI Ltd.  Having recently read Laura Esquivel's Like Water for Chocolate and having watched the film and ballet of the same name I have developed an interest in Mexico.  I had hoped to buttonhole her to find out why she was drawn to this country rather than the United States which is just across the border and has a free trade agreement with her government and Canada but I could not find her in the crowd.

Another impressive presentation was on AMPI (the Advanced Machinery and Productivity Institute).  This is a collaboration between the National Physical Laboratory, Rochdale Development Agency, the Universities of Huddersfield, Leeds,  Manchester and Salford and other organizations to create new machines and technology to manufacture products and materials for the future.  The Institute, which is based in Rochdale, carries out research. consultancy, teaching and training.   The presenter, whose name I did not catch, reminded the audience that manufacturing is still important to the British economy,

Yet another memorable talk was given by Ian Laidler of  Wayland Additive which develops IP-rich technologies.   Dr Laidler said that the company held 10 patent families and that a further 4 were on their way.  I have to say in passing that I was surprised not to meet any other IP lawyers or patent or trade mark attorneys even though IP is key to safeguarding investment in innovation.   Dr Laidler explained the advantages of his company's inventions.   He finished by speaking about the age range of its employees ranging from gap-year students to pensioners.   All had contributed to the company's success.

The workshops that I attended in the afternoon were on space and healthcare.  Mandy Ridyard of Space Hub Yorkshire profiled the Yorkshire space industry and discussed the opportunities that I had mentioned in Commercial Exploitation of Space: Space Industry Act 2019 in NIPC Law on 10 April  2018.   She mentioned some of the facilities for space research and collaboration that are available at NEXUS Leeds.  She was disappointed that Yorkshire was the only region that had yet to receive inward investment.  In the Q&A that followed her talk, I ventured to suggest that might be because most of the new investment in space in this country was directed to launch technology.   Yorkshire does not have a spaceport but Harlech which is a 2-hour drive away does.   I told her about the Menai Science Park's webinar to celebrate World Intellectual Property Day and suggested that she should talk to Emily Roberts of the science park and David Young of the Snowdonia Aerospace Centre.  The other main speaker on space was Emma Hatton of the Satellite Catapult.

We learned more about NEXUS in the healthcare workshop and the accelerator programme for the businesses that wished to supply the NHS.  Next came Professor Liz Breen of the School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences at the University of Bradford.  Prof Breen discussed the Digital Health Enterprise Zone of which she is the Director.

The last session was on private funding.   We heard from Jordan Dargue who had recently set up a network of women business angels to fund women entrepreneurs in the North of England,  Willian Schaffer of Mercia Asset Management and Sophie Dale-Black of the British Business Bank.  I asked Mr Schaffer how many of his companies achieved a flotation on the AIM or were acquired at a premium.   He replied that out of every 10 companies, 2 to 3 might fail altogether, another 2 to 3 might return the investment, yet another 2 to 3 might earn a small return and perhaps 1 or 2 might be "unicorns."   The afternoon was wound up by Ian Edwards of Innovate UK Edge who summariaed the earlier presentations in his "Finance Escalator."

Anyone wishing to discuss this article can call me on 020 7404 5252 during office hours or send me a message through my contact page,